Metabolite information |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000784 |
| Synonyms |
1,7-Dicarboxyheptane1,7-Heptanedicarboxylate1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid1,9-Nonanedioate1,9-Nonanedioic acidAcide azelaiqueAcidum azelaicumAnchoateAnchoic acidAzalaic acidAzelaateAzelaic acid, dilithium saltAzelaic acid, dipotassium saltAzelaic acid, disodium saltAzelaic acid, monosodium saltAzelaic acid, potassium saltAzelaic acid, sodium saltAzelaicacidtechAzelainic acidAzelainsaeureAzelateAzelexBeautification productCellular membraneCsfCutaneous [related but nor necessarily exact synonym]CytoplasmaDigestionEmerox 1110Emerox 1144Emery'S L-110FaecalFaecesFecalFinaceaFinevinFloraHeptanedicarboxylic acidLegumeLepargylateLepargylic acidLipid bodyLipid dropletLipid metabolic processLipid particleMembrane integrity agentMembrane stability agentN-NonanedioateN-Nonanedioic acidNonandisaeureNonanedioateNonanedioic acidNonanedioic acid azelaic acidNonanedioic acid homopolymerPapilionoideaePcpPersonal hygienePoly[azelaic anhydride]Polyazelaic anhydrideProstate glandSkin contactSkinoremSkinorenStoolToiletriesToiletryTopicalTransdermal |
| Chemical formula | C9H16O4 |
| IUPAC name | nonanedioic acid |
| CAS registry number | 123-99-9 |
| Monisotopic molecular weight | 188.104859 |
Chemical taxonomy |
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| Super class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Fatty Acyls |
| Sub class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
Biological properties |
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| Pahtways |
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| Author-emphasized biomarker in the paper(s) |
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| Reference | Country | Specimen | Marker function | Participants (Case) | Participants (Control) | |||||||||
| Cancer type | Stage | Number | Gender (M,F) | Age mean (range) (M/F) | Smoking status | Type | Number | Gender (M,F) | Age mean (range) (M/F) | Smoking status | ||||
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | serum | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I, II, III, IV | 43 | 21, 22 | 67.3 ± 10.10 | – | healthy | 43 | 21, 22 | 65.9 ± 8.05 | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | – | blood | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | unknown (mostly late stage) | 18 | 10, 8 | 67 (50-85) / 62 (53-72) | former, current | healthy | 20 | 8, 12 | 64 (49-80) / 66 (58-82) | former, current |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | – | blood | diagnosis | NSCLC, SCLC, mesothelioma, secondary metastasis to lung | I, II, III, IV | 11 | 4, 7 | 67 (61-73) / 67 (47-76) | smoker, non-smoker | healthy | 11 | 5, 6 | 69 (61-83) / 54 (44-61) | unknown |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | plasma | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I, II, III, IV | 43 | 21, 22 | 67.3 ± 10.10 | – | healthy | 43 | 21, 22 | 65.9 ± 8.05 | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | plasma | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I, II, III, IV | 52 | 17, 35 | 65.9 ± 9.66 | – | healthy | 31 | 11, 20 | 64.1 ± 8.97 | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | serum | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I, II, III, IV | 49 | 17, 32 | 65.9 ± 9.87 | – | healthy | 31 | 11, 20 | 64.1 ± 8.97 | – |
| Mazzone et al. 2016 | – | serum | – | adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma | I, II, III | 94 | 55.3%, 44.7% | 68.7 | – | at-risk controls | 190 | 50.5%, 49.5% | 66.2 | – |
| Sun et al. 2019 | – | serum | diagnosis | lung cancer | I, II, III, IV | 31 | 21, 10 | 54.1 ± 9.9 | smoker, non-smoker | healthy | 29 | 15, 14 | 52.1 ± 14.6 | smoker, non-smoker |
| Moreno et al. 2018 | – | tissue | therapy, diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I, II, III | 33 | 24, 9 | 62.11 ± 9.73 | – | tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue | 33 | 24, 9 | 62.11 ± 9.73 | – |
| Wikoff et al. 2015b | – | tissue | diagnosis | adenocarcinoma | I | 39 | 15, 24 | 72.33 ± 8.78 | smoker, non-smoker | tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue | 39 | 15, 24 | 72.33 ± 8.78 | smoker, non-smoker |
| Reference | Chromatography | Ion source | Positive/Negative mode | Mass analyzer | Identification level |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | MS/MS |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | MS/MS |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | GC | EI | – | TOF | – |
| Mazzone et al. 2016 | LC | ESI | negative | linear ion-trap | MS/MS |
| Sun et al. 2019 | GC | – | – | – | – |
| Moreno et al. 2018 | LC, GC | ESI, EI | positive, negative | LC: linear ion‐trap, GC: single‐quadrupole | LC: MS/MS |
| Wikoff et al. 2015b | GC | EI | – | TOF | – |
| Reference | Data processing software | Database search |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | ChromaTOF software (Leco) | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | ChromaTOF software (Leco) | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | – | UC Davis Metabolomics BinBase database |
| Mazzone et al. 2016 | Metabolon LIMS system | Metabolon LIMS system |
| Sun et al. 2019 | – | BinBase, KEGG |
| Moreno et al. 2018 | – | KEGG, HMDB |
| Wikoff et al. 2015b | BinBase | NIST11, BinBase |
| Reference | Difference method | Mean concentration (case) | Mean concentration (control) | Fold change (case/control) | P-value | FDR | VIP |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | regress (by the covariates: age, gender and smoking history [packs per year]), permutation test | 520 ± 365 | 616 ± 1226 | 0.843 | 0.828 | 0.935 | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | Analysis of Covariance | 2522.83333333333 | 2685.9 | 0.93928788612135 | 0.500265835140085 | – | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | Analysis of Covariance | 545.636363636364 | 4671.45454545455 | 0.116802241855758 | 0.343847393066947 | – | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | regress (by the covariates: age, gender and smoking history [packs per year]), permutation test | 53 ± 15 | 49 ± 16 | 1.09 | 0.284 | 0.576 | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | regress (by the covariates: age, gender and smoking history [packs per year]), permutation test | 100 ± 36 | 90 ± 46 | 1.12 | 0.149 | 0.529 | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | regress (by the covariates: age, gender and smoking history [packs per year]), permutation test | 604 ± 1056 | 236 ± 134 | 2.56 | 0.008 | 0.146 | – |
| Mazzone et al. 2016 | two- sample independent t test | 0.9385702± 0.3581637 | 1.1286984± 0.5664229 | 0.831550926270472 | 0.0031792 | 0.019631853 | – |
| Sun et al. 2019 | Student t test, PLS-DA | – | – | 2.39408271845162 | 0.000455 | 0.004052 | 0.65377 |
| Moreno et al. 2018 | paired two‐sample t‐test, PLS-DA | – | – | 0.7937356969116 | 0.000147765220089496 | 0.000473495851235684 | – |
| Wikoff et al. 2015b | OPLS-DA | – | – | 1.2 | – | 0.178 | – |
| Reference | Classification method | Cutoff value | AUROC 95%CI | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Accuracy (%) |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | random forest | – | – | – | – | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Miyamoto et al. 2015 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | random forest | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | random forest | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fahrmann et al. 2015 | random forest | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mazzone et al. 2016 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sun et al. 2019 | ROC curve analysis | – | – | – | – | – |
| Moreno et al. 2018 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wikoff et al. 2015b | – | – | – | – | – | – |