Analytical methods | ||
---|---|---|
Comparative study | #1 | |
Chromatography | GC | |
Ion source | EI | |
Positive/Negative mode | – | |
Mass analyzer | TOF | |
Identification level | – |
Sample information | ||
---|---|---|
Comparative study | #1 | |
Country | US | |
Specimen | tissue | |
Marker function | diagnosis | |
Participants(Case) | Cancer type | adenocarcinoma |
Stage | I | |
Number | 39 | |
Gender (M,F) | 15, 24 | |
Mean age (range) (M,F) | 72.33 ± 8.78 | |
Smoking status | smoker, non-smoker | |
Participants(Control) | Type | tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue |
Number | 39 | |
Gender (M,F) | 15, 24 | |
Mean age (range) (M,F) | 72.33 ± 8.78 | |
Smoking status | smoker, non-smoker |
Data processing and metabolite identification | |
---|---|
Data processing software | BinBase |
Database search | NIST11, BinBase |
Statistical analysis | |
---|---|
Differential analysis method | OPLS-DA |
Classification method | – |
Survival analysis method | – |
Metabolite | Author-emphasized biomarkers | Mean concentration (case) | Mean concentration (control) | Fold change (case/control) | P-value | FDR | VIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arachidic acid | – | – | – | 3.50 | – | 0.14 | – |
inosine 5'-monophosphate | – | – | – | 3.50 | – | 8.50e-04 | – |
lysine | – | – | – | 2.70 | – | 6.50e-05 | – |
xanthine | V | – | – | 2.70 | – | 3.80e-04 | – |
adenosine-5-phosphate | – | – | – | 2.50 | – | 1.00e-03 | – |
5,6-dihydrouracil | V | – | – | 2.40 | – | 2.40e-07 | – |
UDP GlcNAc | – | – | – | 2.30 | – | 2.20e-05 | – |
3-phosphoglycerate | – | – | – | 2.20 | – | 1.00e-03 | – |
alpha-tocopherol | V | – | – | 2.20 | – | 4.10e-07 | – |
glycerol-3-galactoside | – | – | – | 2.20 | – | 3.00e-03 | – |
gluconic acid | – | – | – | 2.10 | – | 3.80e-04 | – |
octadecanol | – | – | – | 2.10 | – | 0.38 | – |
glucose | V | – | – | 2.00 | – | 3.70e-04 | – |
ornithine | – | – | – | 1.90 | – | 9.60e-06 | – |
5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine | V | – | – | 1.80 | – | 6.50e-05 | – |
cytidine-5-monophosphate | – | – | – | 1.80 | – | 1.00e-03 | – |
methioninesulfoxide | – | – | – | 1.80 | – | 0.04 | – |
ribitol | – | – | – | 1.80 | – | 6.60e-07 | – |
2-hydroxyglutaric acid | – | – | – | 1.70 | – | 3.00e-03 | – |
4-hydroxyproline | – | – | – | 1.70 | – | 0.47 | – |
maltotriose | – | – | – | 1.70 | – | 0.61 | – |
trehalose | – | – | – | 1.70 | – | 0.52 | – |
238267 trisaccharide | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.18 | – |
5-aminovaleric acid | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.31 | – |
allantoic acid | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 5.00e-03 | – |
ascorbic acid | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.74 | – |
biuret | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
cellobiotol | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.44 | – |
citric acid | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 7.00e-03 | – |
cysteine | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 3.00e-03 | – |
erythronic acid lactone | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 6.00e-03 | – |
histidine | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.01 | – |
maltose | – | – | – | 1.60 | – | 0.47 | – |
adenine | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 3.70e-04 | – |
arachidonic acid | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 7.00e-03 | – |
citrulline | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 4.00e-03 | – |
dihydrosphingosine | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 5.40e-04 | – |
fucose | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 8.00e-03 | – |
N-acetyl-D-mannosamine | – | – | – | 1.50 | – | 3.30e-04 | – |
3-phenyllactic acid | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.15 | – |
arabitol | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 3.00e-03 | – |
creatinine | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.01 | – |
glutamic acid | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
glyceric acid | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.02 | – |
inositol-4-monophosphate | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.02 | – |
mannitol | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.02 | – |
nicotinamide | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 6.00e-03 | – |
phosphoethanolamine | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.29 | – |
proline | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 8.00e-03 | – |
sorbitol | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.84 | – |
spermidine | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
triethanolamine | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
uracil | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.04 | – |
uric acid | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 0.02 | – |
uridine | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
xylitol | – | – | – | 1.40 | – | 9.40e-04 | – |
2-phenylpropanol | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.05 | – |
4-hydroxybutyric acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 4.00e-03 | – |
acetophenone | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.18 | – |
adenosine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.06 | – |
adipic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.16 | – |
aminomalonic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.03 | – |
arabinose | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 4.50e-04 | – |
caprylic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
cystine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.18 | – |
digalacturonic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.47 | – |
dodecanol | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 2.00e-03 | – |
fructose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.19 | – |
hydroxylamine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.01 | – |
isothreonic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 8.00e-03 | – |
kynurenine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.12 | – |
malic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.04 | – |
phenylethylamine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.51 | – |
quinic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.02 | – |
succinic acid | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.73 | – |
sucrose | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.31 | – |
tagatose | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.02 | – |
taurine | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 0.10 | – |
trans-4-hydroxyproline | – | – | – | 1.30 | – | 8.00e-03 | – |
1,5-anhydroglucitol | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.04 | – |
1-monostearin | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.05 | – |
2-ketoisocaproic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.28 | – |
2-monopalmitin | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.13 | – |
alanine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.01 | – |
asparagine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.18 | – |
azelaic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.18 | – |
capric acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 4.00e-03 | – |
cysteine-glycine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.10 | – |
erythronic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.05 | – |
ethanolamine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.17 | – |
FAD | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.09 | – |
fructose | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.56 | – |
galactose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.15 | – |
gamma-tocopherol | V | – | – | 1.20 | – | 1.00e-02 | – |
glucose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.19 | – |
glycerol | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.02 | – |
glycerol-alpha-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.23 | – |
glycerol-beta-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.20 | – |
glycocyamine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.39 | – |
isoleucine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.12 | – |
lauric acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.04 | – |
orotic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.39 | – |
palmitic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.03 | – |
pelargonic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.03 | – |
pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.01 | – |
phosphoric acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.18 | – |
stearic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.05 | – |
threonic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.65 | – |
thymine | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.31 | – |
tryptophan | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 0.84 | – |
UDP-glucuronic acid | – | – | – | 1.20 | – | 7.00e-03 | – |
1-monopalmitin | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.05 | – |
2-aminoadipic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.77 | – |
2-hydroxybutanoic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.18 | – |
2-monoolein | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.36 | – |
3-aminoisobutyric acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.28 | – |
3-hydroxybutanoic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.52 | – |
5-hydroxynorvaline | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.46 | – |
5-methoxytryptamine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.72 | – |
allo-inositol | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.19 | – |
benzoic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.04 | – |
beta-alanine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.38 | – |
dihydroabietic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.87 | – |
dodecane | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.28 | – |
ethanol phosphate N | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.84 | – |
glutamine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.65 | – |
glycine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.20 | – |
guanine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.25 | – |
homoserine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.39 | – |
hydroxycarbamate | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.19 | – |
hypoxanthine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.39 | – |
indole-3-acetate | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.39 | – |
inosine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.39 | – |
isoheptadecanoic acid (methyl-C16:0) | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.18 | – |
leucine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.38 | – |
linoleic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.42 | – |
mannose | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.54 | – |
methanolphosphate | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.20 | – |
methionine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.41 | – |
myristic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.08 | – |
N-methylalanine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.83 | – |
octadecane-1,12-diol N | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.13 | – |
oleic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.66 | – |
oxalic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.43 | – |
oxoproline | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.09 | – |
pantothenic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.72 | – |
phenylalanine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.33 | – |
phenylpyruvic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.20 | – |
pipecolic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.12 | – |
putrescine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.73 | – |
salicylaldehyde | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.37 | – |
serine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.76 | – |
shikimic acid | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.84 | – |
threitol | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.18 | – |
threonine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.29 | – |
tyrosine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.43 | – |
uridine-5'-monophosphate | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.56 | – |
xanthosine | – | – | – | 1.10 | – | 0.83 | – |
1-hexadecanol | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.44 | – |
alpha-ketoglutaric acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.84 | – |
aspartic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.64 | – |
behenic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.64 | – |
cholesterol | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.66 | – |
conduritol-beta-epoxide | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.69 | – |
cytidine-5-diphosphate | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.93 | – |
eicosenoic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.64 | – |
erythritol | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.81 | – |
fructose-1-phosphate | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.70 | – |
fumaric acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.84 | – |
glucuronic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.85 | – |
glycolic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.51 | – |
guanosine | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.84 | – |
levoglucosan | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.85 | – |
maleimide | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.84 | – |
myo-inositol | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.84 | – |
pseudo uridine | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.85 | – |
pyrophosphate | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.67 | – |
ribonic acid | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.38 | – |
ribose | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.70 | – |
stigmasterol | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.95 | – |
urea | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.61 | – |
valine | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 0.85 | – |
Metabolite | Author-emphasized biomarkers | Cutoff value | AUROC (95%CI) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Accuracy (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arachidic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
inosine 5'-monophosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
lysine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
xanthine | V | – | – | – | – | – |
adenosine-5-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5,6-dihydrouracil | V | – | – | – | – | – |
UDP GlcNAc | – | – | – | – | – | – |
3-phosphoglycerate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
alpha-tocopherol | V | – | – | – | – | – |
glycerol-3-galactoside | – | – | – | – | – | – |
gluconic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
octadecanol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glucose | V | – | – | – | – | – |
ornithine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine | V | – | – | – | – | – |
cytidine-5-monophosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
methioninesulfoxide | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ribitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-hydroxyglutaric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
4-hydroxyproline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
maltotriose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
trehalose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
238267 trisaccharide | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5-aminovaleric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
allantoic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ascorbic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
biuret | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cellobiotol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
citric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cysteine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
erythronic acid lactone | – | – | – | – | – | – |
histidine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
maltose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
adenine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
arachidonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
citrulline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
dihydrosphingosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
fucose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
N-acetyl-D-mannosamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
3-phenyllactic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
arabitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
creatinine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glutamic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glyceric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
inositol-4-monophosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
mannitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
nicotinamide | – | – | – | – | – | – |
phosphoethanolamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
proline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
sorbitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
spermidine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
triethanolamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
uracil | – | – | – | – | – | – |
uric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
uridine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
xylitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-phenylpropanol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
4-hydroxybutyric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
acetophenone | – | – | – | – | – | – |
adenosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
adipic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
aminomalonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
arabinose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
caprylic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cystine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
digalacturonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
dodecanol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
fructose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
hydroxylamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
isothreonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
kynurenine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
malic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
phenylethylamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
quinic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
succinic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
sucrose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
tagatose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
taurine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
trans-4-hydroxyproline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1,5-anhydroglucitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1-monostearin | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-ketoisocaproic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-monopalmitin | – | – | – | – | – | – |
alanine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
asparagine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
azelaic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
capric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cysteine-glycine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
erythronic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ethanolamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
FAD | – | – | – | – | – | – |
fructose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
galactose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
gamma-tocopherol | V | – | – | – | – | – |
glucose-6-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycerol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycerol-alpha-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycerol-beta-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycocyamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
isoleucine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
lauric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
orotic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
palmitic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pelargonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
phosphoric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
stearic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
threonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
thymine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
tryptophan | – | – | – | – | – | – |
UDP-glucuronic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1-monopalmitin | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-aminoadipic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-hydroxybutanoic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2-monoolein | – | – | – | – | – | – |
3-aminoisobutyric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
3-hydroxybutanoic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5-hydroxynorvaline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
5-methoxytryptamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
allo-inositol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
benzoic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
beta-alanine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
dihydroabietic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
dodecane | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ethanol phosphate N | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glutamine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
guanine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
homoserine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
hydroxycarbamate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
hypoxanthine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
indole-3-acetate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
inosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
isoheptadecanoic acid (methyl-C16:0) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
leucine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
linoleic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
mannose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
methanolphosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
methionine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
myristic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
N-methylalanine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
octadecane-1,12-diol N | – | – | – | – | – | – |
oleic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
oxalic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
oxoproline | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pantothenic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
phenylalanine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
phenylpyruvic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pipecolic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
putrescine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
salicylaldehyde | – | – | – | – | – | – |
serine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
shikimic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
threitol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
threonine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
tyrosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
uridine-5'-monophosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
xanthosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1-hexadecanol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
alpha-ketoglutaric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
aspartic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
behenic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cholesterol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
conduritol-beta-epoxide | – | – | – | – | – | – |
cytidine-5-diphosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
eicosenoic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
erythritol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
fructose-1-phosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
fumaric acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glucuronic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
glycolic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
guanosine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
levoglucosan | – | – | – | – | – | – |
maleimide | – | – | – | – | – | – |
myo-inositol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pseudo uridine | – | – | – | – | – | – |
pyrophosphate | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ribonic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ribose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
stigmasterol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
urea | – | – | – | – | – | – |
valine | – | – | – | – | – | – |